Osram HQI-E 150 W/NDL CL Technical Information Page 16
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1
6
so-called harmonic waves whose
f
re
q
uencies are a
multiple of the suppl
y
frequenc
y
(
in three-phase sup-
plies these are mainl
y
the
f
i
f
th, seventh and eleventh
harmonic waves
).
These harmonic waves increase the current of the ca
-
p
acitor
f
or
p
ower
f
actor correction, as the reactance
o
f
a capacitor decreases with increasin
g
f
requency
.
Th
e
i
ncreas
i
n
g
capac
i
tor current can
b
e accommo
d
at
-
ed by improvin
g
the desi
g
n o
f
the capacitor, but this
does not eliminate the risk o
f
resonance
p
henomena
b
etween t
h
e power capac
i
tors on t
h
e one
h
an
d
an
d
the inductance o
f
the
f
eedin
g
trans
f
ormer and the
g
rid
o
n t
he
o
t
he
r.
The harmonic wave contamination of an A
C
volta
g
e
supply can have some or all o
f
the
f
ollowin
g
e
ff
ects
:
• earl
y
f
ailure o
f
capacitor
s
• premature tri
gg
erin
g
o
f
protective switches and
other sa
f
et
y
device
s
•
f
ailure or mal
f
unction o
f
computers, drivers,
ligh
t
i
n
g
i
nsta
ll
at
i
ons an
d
ot
h
er sens
i
t
i
ve
co
n
su
m
ers
• thermal overload o
f
trans
f
ormers caused b
y
i
n
c
r
eased
i
r
o
n
losses
• overload of the neutral conductor
(
particularl
y
by
t
h
e
3
r
d
harmonic wave
)
• shatterin
g
or burstin
g
o
f
dischar
g
e lamp
s
• thermal overload o
f
the lam
p
choke due to reso-
nance between choke and ca
p
acitor
f
or
p
owe
r
fac
t
o
r
co
rr
ec
ti
o
n. Th
e
effec
t
s
ca
n
be
s
imil
a
r t
o
as
y
mmetrical mode
(
see chapter 6.2.9
)
, which is
wh
y
the use o
f
a choke with thermal protection
can also protect the luminaire
f
rom burnin
g.
The installation of so-called choked ca
p
acitors
(
ca-
pacitor in series with a filter choke
)
aims at forcin
g
the
resonance
f
requency o
f
the
g
rid below the
f
requency
o
f
the lowest prevailin
g
harmonic wave. This prevents
a resonance between the capacitors and the
g
rid and
w
ould thus also
p
revent the am
p
li
f
ication o
f
the har
-
m
o
ni
c
cu
rr
e
nt
s
. Thi
s
kin
d
of
in
s
t
a
ll
a
ti
o
n
a
l
so
h
as
a
f
il
-
terin
g
e
ff
ect by reducin
g
the level o
f
volta
g
e distortion
in the
g
rid. It is there
f
ore recommended
f
or all cases
w
here the watta
g
e share of the loads that
g
enerate
harmonic waves is more than 20
%
o
f
the total watt-
a
g
e. The resonance
f
requency o
f
a choked capacito
r
alwa
y
s lies below the
f
requenc
y
o
f
the
5
t
h
ha
rm
o
n
ic
wa
v
e.
In the electronic ballast
OS
RAM P
O
WERTR
O
NI
C
®
PTi,
the in
f
luence o
f
harmonic waves on the lamp is kept
extens
i
ve
l
y at
b
ay
b
y t
h
e
b
a
ll
ast
d
es
ig
n w
hi
c
h
com
-
prises an intermediate circuit. The immunit
y
o
f
the PTi
input sta
g
e to line-related inter
f
erence is sa
f
e
g
uarded
by tests according to the IE
C
61000 standard
.
S
uch line-related interference includes e.
g
.:
• burst as per IE
C
61000-4-4, 1000V peak, repetition
f
requency 5kHz, low-ener
g
y puls
e
• current feed as per IE
C
61000-4-6, frequenc
y
ran
g
e 0.15-80
MH
z, 3
V
rms
• sur
g
e as per IE
C
61000-4-5, 1000V symmetrical,
2000
V
asymmetr
i
ca
l
,
high
-ener
g
y pu
l
se
• volta
g
e interruptions as per IE
C
61000-4-1
1
• volta
g
e
f
luctuation
s
3
.4
B
r
i
e
f
vo
l
ta
g
e
i
nterrupt
i
ons
When the lam
p
current
f
alls, the recombination rate
starts to excee
d
t
h
e
i
on
i
zat
i
on rate, caus
i
n
g
a re
d
uc
-
tion in plasma conductivity. This occurs with ma
g
netic
ballasts in every hal
f
-wave on passin
g
the zero cross-
i
n
g
an
d
resu
l
ts
i
n t
h
e so-ca
ll
e
d
re-
ig
n
i
t
i
on pea
k
.
Wh
en
recombination o
f
the char
g
ed particles has pro
g
ressed
f
ar enou
g
h, the remainin
g
quantity o
f
char
g
e carriers is
not su
ff
icient enou
g
h to
g
enerate an adequate quan-
tity o
f
new charge carriers when the voltage increases
a
g
a
i
n – t
h
e
l
amp
g
oes out.
Th
e
high
pressures
i
n t
h
e
arc tu
b
e mean t
h
at t
h
e
ig
n
i
t
i
on vo
l
ta
g
e
i
s now no
l
on-
g
er su
ff
icient to re-i
g
nite the lamp. It has to
f
irst cool
down for a few minutes before it can i
g
nite a
g
ain
(
see
a
l
so c
h
a
p
ter 4.2
“W
arm re-
i
gn
i
t
i
on
”
).
Wh
en t
h
e supp
l
y vo
l
ta
g
e
i
s
i
nterrupte
d
,
b
ot
h
t
h
e
l
en
g
t
h
and depth of the interruption
(
100% for complete
interruption
)
and the phasin
g
of the interruption are
im
p
ortant.
O
lder lam
p
s with their increase in lam
p
volt
-
a
g
e an
d
high
er re-
ig
n
i
t
i
on vo
l
ta
g
e are more sens
i
t
i
ve
than una
g
ed lamps. The capacitor
f
or power
f
actor
correct
i
on can act as vo
l
ta
g
e source
d
ur
i
n
g
vo
l
ta
g
e
i
nterru
p
t
i
ons, at
l
east
i
n t
h
e s
h
ort term, an
d
exten
d
t
h
e
time in which a volta
g
e interruption is tolerated be
f
ore
the lamp
g
oes o
ff
. Volta
g
e interruptions just be
f
ore the
zero cross
i
n
g
are more ser
i
ous,
b
ecause t
h
e p
l
asma
has already cooled down si
g
ni
f
icantly.
If
t
h
e resonance
f
requenc
y
o
f
a resonance c
i
rcu
i
t
cons
i
st
i
n
g
o
f
power capac
i
tors an
d
i
n
d
uctance o
f
t
h
e
f
ee
di
n
g
trans
f
ormer
i
s near enou
gh
to t
h
e
f
requenc
y
of
a
h
armon
i
c wave
i
n t
h
e
g
r
id
, t
hi
s resonance c
i
rcu
i
t
can amp
lify
t
h
e osc
ill
at
i
on o
f
t
h
e
h
armon
i
c waves an
d
cause immense overcurrent and overvolta
g
e.
- Outer bulb 5
- Hg = Mercury 5
- Me = Metals 5
- Hal = Halids 5
- Electrodes 5
- Daylight 6
- Neutral White 6
- Neutral White de luxe 6
- Warm White de luxe 6
- Voltage in V 8
- Current in A 8
- Lamp current I 10
- Luminaire 13
- HQI-T 150 W at OSRAM PTU 22
- HQI-T 150 W at CCG 22
- Re-ignition peak 28
- Luminous flux 45
- HQL-Standard 48
- HCI - NDL 48
- Typical lamp with 49
- HQI-T POWERSTAR 49
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